Understanding Hardwood Lumber Grades: What Do They Mean?

When selecting hardwood lumber for your woodworking projects, understanding the grading system is essential to ensure you get the quality and appearance you want. At Forest 2 Home, we believe in transparency and helping our customers make informed decisions, which is why we want to demystify hardwood lumber grades and what they mean for your projects.

What Are Hardwood Lumber Grades?

Hardwood lumber grades classify wood based on appearance, size, and the number of defects such as knots, splits, or discolorations. These grades help woodworkers and builders choose the right lumber for specific applications, balancing cost with quality and aesthetics.

There are two primary grading systems used in the industry:

• FAS (Firsts and Seconds)

• Select and Common Grades

1. FAS (Firsts and Seconds)

• Top Quality Lumber: FAS represents the highest quality hardwood available.

• Clear, Wide Boards: These boards are at least 6 inches wide and 8 feet long, with minimal defects.

• Ideal for Fine Furniture & Cabinetry: Because of their clean appearance and structural integrity, FAS boards are perfect for projects where aesthetics matter most.

• Higher Price Point: Due to limited availability and superior quality, FAS lumber costs more.

2. Select Grades

• Select #1 Common: Slightly lower grade than FAS, with some defects but still very usable.

• Good for Furniture & Millwork: Often used where some minor repairs or cutting around defects are acceptable.

• More Affordable: These boards offer a balance between quality and price.

3. Common Grades

Common grades are subdivided into:

• #2A Common: Boards that have more defects, including knots and sapwood, but still structurally sound.

• #3A Common and Below: Lumber with significant defects, usually for utility purposes, pallets, or rustic projects.

Common grades are often used in construction, flooring, or projects where character and rustic appeal are desired.

What Defects Affect Grading?

• Knots: Small knots may be acceptable in lower grades but reduce the grade if large or numerous.

• Checks and Splits: Cracks along the grain can impact strength and appearance.

• Sapwood: The lighter outer wood can be less durable and affect aesthetics.

• Insect Damage or Stains: These flaws lower the grade.

• Warping: Boards must be relatively straight for higher grades.

Why Does Forest 2 Home Control the Process?

By controlling every step from harvesting to kiln drying, Forest 2 Home ensures you receive consistent, high-quality lumber with clear grading standards. This commitment helps reduce waste and gives woodworkers confidence in their materials.

How to Choose the Right Grade for Your Project

• Fine Furniture or Cabinetry: Go with FAS or Select #1 for clean, defect-free boards.

• Rustic or Character Projects: Common grades offer unique knots and markings that add charm.

• Budget-Conscious DIY: Select lower grades where defects can be worked around or cut out.

Ready to Pick Your Perfect Hardwood?

At Forest 2 Home, our knowledgeable team is here to guide you through the grading system and help you find the perfect lumber for your needs. Explore our inventory or contact us today for expert advice!